50 - Based on AWS D1.1 UT Requirements
1. What is the primary purpose of using a couplant in ultrasonic testing of welds?
A) To clean the surface
B) To protect the transducer from wear
C) To eliminate the air gap and allow sound transmission.
D) To increase the signal frequency
2. Which type of wave is primarily used for angle-beam testing of groove welds per AWS D1.1?
A) Longitudinal waves
B) Shear waves.
C) Surface waves
D) Lamb waves
3. During angle-beam testing, what does the term "index point" refer to?
A) The center of the transducer crystal
B) The point on the wedge where sound enters the test material.
C) The location of the maximum signal on the screen
D) The reference point for sensitivity calibration
4. What is the acceptable tolerance for the refracted angle of an angle-beam search unit during verification?
A) ±1°
B) ±2°.
C) ±3°
D) ±5°
5. Which of the following is the correct frequency range for angle-beam transducers used in weld inspection?
A) 1.0 – 1.5 MHz
B) 2.0 – 2.5 MHz.
C) 3.5 – 4.0 MHz
D) 5.0 – 6.0 MHz
6. What is the minimum active area required for a straight-beam transducer used for base metal testing?
A) 0.25 in²
B) 0.5 in².
C) 0.75 in²
D) 1.0 in²
7. Why is the reject (suppression) control required to be turned off during UT calibration and testing?
A) It reduces battery life
B) It may alter amplitude linearity and invalidate results.
C) It increases noise level
D) It changes the sound velocity
8. What is the maximum scanning speed allowed for manual UT of welds?
A) 4 in/sec
B) 6 in/sec.
C) 8 in/sec
D) 10 in/sec
9. Which type of reference block is commonly used for both distance and sensitivity calibration in AWS D1.1 UT?
A) RC block
B) IIW type block.
C) DS block only
D) Step wedge block
10. What type of reflector is explicitly prohibited for calibration purposes?
A) Side-drilled hole
B) Flat-bottom hole
C) Corner reflector.
D) Notch
11. What does the "attenuation factor" account for in the UT indication rating formula?
A) Couplant loss
B) Sound energy loss due to material and path length.
C) Transducer wear
D) Instrument drift
12. In the indication rating formula for instruments with gain in dB, which variable represents the reference level?
A) a
B) b.
C) c
D) d
13. How is the length of a discontinuity typically determined when its amplitude exceeds the Class D rating?
A) By measuring the 3 dB drop points
B) By measuring the 6 dB drop points.
C) By measuring the 10 dB drop points
D) By visual measurement only
14. What is the minimum allowable range of the gain control (attenuator) linearity per AWS D1.1?
A) 20 dB
B) 40 dB
C) 60 dB.
D) 80 dB
15. How often must the horizontal linearity of the UT instrument be requalified?
A) Monthly
B) Every two months.
C) Quarterly
D) Annually
16. After how many hours of use must the internal reflections of each search unit be verified?
A) 10 hours
B) 20 hours
C) 40 hours.
D) 80 hours
17. How often must each angle-beam search unit be checked for flatness, index point, and angle?
A) After each shift
B) After each 8 hours of use.
C) After each 40 hours of use
D) Weekly
18. What is the maximum allowable thickness range for which Part F UT procedures are directly applicable?
A) 1/4 in to 4 in
B) 5/16 in to 8 in.
C) 1/2 in to 10 in
D) 3/8 in to 12 in
19. If a weld thickness exceeds 8 in, which annex provides alternative UT procedures?
A) Annex H
B) Annex O.
C) Annex G
D) Annex E
20. What is the primary scanning requirement for butt joint welds?
A) Test from one side only
B) Test from each side of the weld axis.
C) Test from the cap surface only
D) Test using only 70° angle
21. What is the recommended NDT method to supplement UT for detecting piping porosity in ESW/EGW welds?
A) Magnetic particle testing
B) Liquid penetrant testing
C) Radiographic testing.
D) Eddy current testing
22. What is the maximum allowable variation in instrument response due to supply voltage change?
A) ±0.5 dB
B) ±1 dB.
C) ±2 dB
D) ±3 dB
23. What is the required display type for UT instruments per AWS D1.1?
A) B-scan
B) C-scan
C) A-scan rectified video trace.
D) Time-of-flight diffraction display
24. What is the primary purpose of the RC resolution reference block?
A) Sensitivity calibration
B) Distance calibration
C) Checking transducer and instrument resolution.
D) Attenuation measurement
25. What does the term "scanning level" refer to in UT weld inspection?
A) The sensitivity level used for initial calibration
B) The sensitivity level increased above reference level to detect discontinuities.
C) The gain setting used for length measurement
D) The noise floor level
26. What should be done if a laminar discontinuity in the base metal interferes with normal weld scanning?
A) Reject the base metal
B) Use an alternate scanning procedure and report it.
C) Ignore it and continue testing
D) Reduce gain and retest
27. What is the correct procedure for distance calibration in shear wave mode?
A) Use position A on IIW block
B) Use position D on IIW block and adjust for indications at 4 in and 8 in
C) Use position G on IIW block
D) Use straight-beam transducer only
28. Which position on the IIW block is used for sensitivity (amplitude) calibration in shear wave mode?
A) Position A
B) Position B
C) Position C
D) Position D
29. What is the minimum resolution requirement for the transducer and instrument combination?
A) Resolve two holes
B) Resolve three holes in RC block.
C) Resolve four holes
D) No resolution requirement
30. What is the maximum amplitude of internal reflections allowed from a search unit above reference level?
A) No reflections allowed
B) Reflections allowed only below reference level
C) Reflections allowed only if less than 50% screen height
D) Screen area beyond 1/2 in sound path shall be free of any indication above reference level.
31. When must recalibration be performed during UT testing?
A) At the start of each day only
B) After each 2-hour interval or any change in circuitry.
C) At the end of each shift
D) Only when the transducer is changed
32. What should be the back reflection height for straight-beam calibration of base metal?
A) 25% – 50%
B) 50% – 75%.
C) 75% – 100%
D) 100% full screen
33. Which of the following is NOT a valid couplant material per AWS D1.1?
A) Glycerin
B) Cellulose gum and water
C) Light machine oil (on calibration blocks)
D) Petroleum jelly.
34. What is the purpose of the "X" line marked on the weldment?
A) To indicate the weld start point
B) To provide a reference for discontinuity location perpendicular to weld axis.
C) To mark the heat-affected zone
D) To indicate the welding direction
35. What is the purpose of the "Y" line marking?
A) To identify weld orientation
B) To identify Face A and assist in distance measurements.
C) To mark the root face
D) To identify the cap pass
36. What is the maximum allowable undercut depth for cyclically loaded members in primary tension?
A) 0.010 in [0.25 mm].
B) 1/32 in [1 mm]
C) 1/16 in [2 mm]
D) 1/8 in [3 mm]
37. For cyclically loaded tension welds, Class C discontinuities in the top or bottom quarter of weld thickness must be rejected if length exceeds:
A) 3/4 in [20 mm].
B) 1 in [25 mm]
C) 2 in [50 mm]
D) 3 in [75 mm]
38. Class A discontinuities (large) shall be rejected regardless of:
A) Location only
B) Length only
C) Both length and location.
D) Depth only
39. What is the required qualification interval for gain control (attenuator) calibration?
A) Monthly
B) Every two months.
C) Every three months
D) Every six months
40. What does the term "sound-path distance" in Tables 8.2 and 8.3 refer to?
A) Material thickness
B) Distance from the index point to the reflector.
C) Weld length
D) Plate width
41. For statically loaded structures, Class D discontinuities are:
A) Always rejected
B) Accepted regardless of length or location.
C) Rejected if longer than 2 in
D) Require further evaluation
42. What is the maximum allowable piping porosity diameter in fillet welds per AWS D1.1 visual criteria?
A) 1/16 in [1.5 mm]
B) 3/32 in [2.5 mm].
C) 1/8 in [3 mm]
D) 5/32 in [4 mm]
43. What must be done if a weld repair is performed?
A) Only visual inspection is required
B) The repaired area must be retested ultrasonically and results recorded.
C) No retesting is required
D) Only magnetic particle testing is needed
44. What type of certification is required for an individual approving UT procedures for advanced ultrasonic systems?
A) AWS CWI
B) NDT Level III.
C) ASNT Level II
D) PE license
45. What is the minimum experience requirement for an NDT Level III in advanced ultrasonic systems?
A) 3 months
B) 6 months.
C) 1 year
D) 2 years
46. What is the maximum allowable scanning speed for automated or manual UT per AWS D1.1?
A) 4 in/sec
B) 6 in/sec.
C) 8 in/sec
D) 10 in/sec
47. What does the "6 dB drop" method determine in discontinuity evaluation?
A) The depth of the discontinuity
B) The length of the discontinuity.
C) The type of discontinuity
D) The orientation of the discontinuity
48. Which scanning pattern is used for transverse discontinuities in unground welds?
A) Pattern A
B) Pattern B
C) Pattern D
D) Pattern E.
49. What is the required procedure when a UT indication remains on the display as the search unit is moved?
A) Ignore it
B) Refer to 8.13.1 or 8.13.2.1 for evaluation.
C) Reject the weld immediately
D) Reduce gain and re-evaluate
50. What is the primary advantage of using a 70° angle beam for thin materials?
A) Better penetration depth
B) More perpendicular sound path
C) Shorter sound path for same thickness.
D) Lower attenuation in steel
"For thinner sections, higher angles (e.g., 70°) provide a shorter sound path for the same thickness, reducing attenuation and improving signal-to-noise ratio."
1. In a UT test on a weld, the operator records the following:
· Indication level (a) = 42 dB
· Reference level (b) = 38 dB
· Attenuation factor (c) = 1.2 dB
The instrument uses gain in dB.
What is the Indication Rating (d) ?
A) 2.8 dB
B) 4.8 dB
C) 3.0 dB.
D) 5.0 dB
2. A shear wave UT inspection is performed on a 1.5 in [38 mm] thick plate. The sound-path distance to a reflector is 8 in [200 mm]. According to the attenuation factor rule for US Customary units, what is the value of factor "c"?
A) 7.0
B) 14.0.
C) 3.5
D) 8.0
3. Using an instrument with attenuation in dB (not gain), the following values are recorded:
· Reference level (b) = 48 dB
· Indication level (a) = 52 dB
· Attenuation factor (c) = 2.5 dB
What is the Indication Rating (d) ?
A) –-6.5 dB.
B) –-1.5 dB
C) +6.5 dB
D) +1.5 dB
4. During a UT scan, a discontinuity produces an indication with a rating more serious than Class D. The operator moves the transducer and notes that the signal drops to 50% of its peak height at two positions. The distance between these two transducer centerline locations is measured as 1.2 in [30 mm]. what is the recorded length of this discontinuity?
A) 0.6 in [15 mm]
B) 1.2 in [30 mm].
C) 2.4 in [60 mm]
D) 0.3 in [7.5 mm]
5. According to Table 8.3 (cyclically loaded tension), a Class C discontinuity is located in the middle half of the weld thickness and its length is measured as 2.5 in [64 mm]. What is the correct disposition per the code?
A) Accept, because Class C in middle half has no length limit
B) Reject, because it exceeds the 2 in [50 mm] limit for middle half.
C) Accept, because Class C is always acceptable regardless of length
D) Reject only if it is also in the top quarter
6. During UT calibration, the operator adjusts the gain so that the signal from the 0.060 in hole on the IIW block reaches 40% of full screen height.
This signal level is recorded as the:
A) Scanning level
B) Reference level (b).
C) Indication level (a)
D) Attenuation factor (c)
7. The reference level (b) is established at 48 dB on an instrument with gain in dB. The weld being inspected is part of a cyclically loaded tension connection, and the sound-path distance to the farthest volume of the weld is 8 in [200 mm]. According to the code, what total scanning level (dB) should the operator use during the scan?
سطح مرجع (b) روی یک دستگاه با گین بر حسب دسیبل، روی عدد ۴۸ دسیبل تنظیم شده است. برای اسکن جوش، اپراتور باید مطابق جدول ۸.۳، برای یک مسافت صوت به طول ۸ اینچ [۲۰۰ میلیمتر]، حساسیت را افزایش دهد. سطح اسکن (تنظیم کل دسیبل) در حین اسکن چقدر خواهد بود؟
A) 48 dB
B) 73 dB
C) 83 dB.
D) 93 dB
8. A UT instrument with attenuation in dB shows a reference level (b) of 52 dB. The operator increases attenuation to 60 dB to bring a reflector signal to reference height. What is the Indication Rating (d) if the attenuation factor (c) is 1.5 dB?
یک دستگاه فراصوت با تضعیف بر حسب دسیبل، سطح مرجع (b) را ۵۲ دسیبل نشان میدهد. اپراتور تضعیف را به ۶۰ دسیبل افزایش میدهد تا سیگنال یک بازتابنده به ارتفاع مرجع برسد. اگر ضریب تضعیف (c) برابر ۱.۵ دسیبل باشد، ایندیکیشن ریتینگ (d) چقدر خواهد بود؟
A) +6.5 dB
B) -6.5 dB
C) +10.5 dB
D) –10.5 dB
9. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between scanning level and reference level for UT of welds?
کدام یک از گزینه های زیر رابطه بین سطح اسکن و سطح مرجع را برای آزمون فراصوت جوشها به درستی توصیف میکند؟
A) Scanning level is always lower than reference level
B) Scanning level = reference level + additional dB per Table 8.2 or 8.3
C) Scanning level is set using the RC block
D) Scanning level is independent of material thickness
10. The reference level sensitivity (b) is established using the 0.060 in hole on the IIW block. If the operator changes to a different IIW block with the same hole size but different material attenuation, what must be done?
حساسیت سطح مرجع (b) با استفاده از سوراخ ۰.۰۶۰ اینچی روی بلوک IIW تنظیم میشود. اگر اپراتور به بلوک IIW دیگری با همان اندازه سوراخ ولی با تضعیف ماده متفاوت تغییر دهد، چه کاری باید انجام دهد؟
A) No change is needed
B) Re-establish reference level (b) with the new block.
C) Increase scanning level by 6 dB
D) Use a different transducer frequency
"Other portable blocks may be used, provided the reference level sensitivity for instrument/search unit combination is adjusted to be the equivalent of that achieved with the IIW type block."
نکته: این بخش صراحتاً میگه هر بلوک جایگزین باید معادل بلوک IIW تنظیم بشه.
11. In a UT test on a cyclically loaded tension connection (thickness = 1 in, 70° probe), the following are recorded:
· Reference level (b) = 44 dB (gain instrument)
· Indication level (a) = 50 dB
· Attenuation factor (c) = 2.3 dB
What is the Indication Rating (d) and the correct disposition?
A) d = +3.7 dB → Reject .
B) d = –3.7 dB → Accept
C) d = +6.7 dB → Accept
D) d = –6.7 dB → Reject
12. When using an instrument with attenuation in dB, the formula for Indication Rating (d) is:
هنگام استفاده از دستگاهی با تضعیف بر حسب دسیبل، فرمول محاسبهٔ ایندیکیشن ریتینگ (d) کدام است؟
A) d = a-b -c
B) d = b-a-c.
C) d = a + b + c
D) d = b + a-c
"Instruments with gain in dB: a-b-c = d"
"Instruments with attenuation in dB: b-a-c = d"
13. According to the code, the gain control (attenuator) of the UT instrument must be adjustable in discrete steps of:
A) 0.5 or 1 dB
B) 1 or 2 dB.
C) 2 or 3 dB
D) 5 or 10 dB
14. What is the minimum required range for the calibrated gain control (attenuator) per AWS D1.1?
A) 40 dB
B) 50 dB
C) 60 dB.
D) 80 dB
15. The accuracy of the attenuator settings shall be within:
A) ±0.5 dB
B) ±1 dB.
C) ±2 dB
D) ±3 dB
16. What is the minimum active area required for a straight-beam transducer?
A) 1/4 in² [161 mm²]
B) 1/2 in² [323 mm²].
C) 3/4 in² [484 mm²]
D) 1 in² [645 mm²]
17. What is the maximum allowable width-to-height ratio for an angle beam transducer crystal?
A) 1.0:1.0
B) 1.1:1.0
C) 1.2:1.0.
D) 1.5:1.0
18.. Which of the following angles is NOT listed as a proper angle for angle-beam search units?
A) 45°
B) 60°
C) 70°
D) 80°.
19. The marking on each angle-beam search unit must clearly indicate the nominal angle of refraction, frequency, and:
A) Wedge material
B) Index point.
C) Crystal thickness
D) Cable length
20. If an angle-beam search unit produces a beam at 68° instead of the nominal 70°, is this acceptable per code?
A) Yes, because tolerance is ±2.°
B) No, tolerance is only ±1°
C) No, any deviation is rejected
D) Yes, if re-calibrated on site
1. When a discontinuity indication appears on the screen, what does the operator do to determine the "Indication Level" value?
A) Measure the screen height of the echo without any changes
B) Use the calibrated gain control to adjust the echo to a horizontal reference level and record the dB reading.
C) Compare the echo to a previous weld's echo
D) Record the depth of the discontinuity directly from the screen
2. In the US customary measurement system, how is the attenuation correction factor calculated from the sound-path distance?
A) Subtract 25 mm from the distance and multiply by 0.08
B) Divide the distance by 2 and subtract 1 inch
C) Subtract 1 inch from the distance and multiply the result by 2.
D) Add 1 inch to the distance and divide by 2
3. When using SI units, which calculation gives the correct attenuation factor?
A) Subtract 1 mm from the sound-path and multiply by 2
B) Subtract 1 inch from the sound-path and multiply by 0.08
C) Multiply the sound-path directly by 2
D) Subtract 25 mm from the sound-path and multiply by 0.08.
4. After calculating the attenuation factor, what is the proper rounding rule?
A) Round up to the next whole number
C) Round to two decimal places
B) Round to one decimal place; if less than 0.05 round down, if 0.05 or greater round up.
D) Keep the exact value with no rounding
5. For an ultrasonic instrument that uses gain control (dB), the Indication Rating is determined by which relationship?
A) Indication Level minus Reference Level minus Attenuation Factor.
B) Reference Level minus Indication Level minus Attenuation Factor
C) Indication Level plus Reference Level divided by Attenuation Factor
D) Reference Level plus Indication Level minus Attenuation Factor
6. For an instrument that uses attenuation control instead of gain, how is the Indication Rating calculated?
A) Indication Level minus Reference Level minus Attenuation Factor
B) Reference Level minus Indication Level minus Attenuation Factor.
C) Reference Level plus Indication Level minus Attenuation Factor
D) Reference Level minus Indication Level plus Attenuation Factor
7. Once the Indication Rating number is obtained, how must it be rounded?
A) To the nearest 0.5 dB
B) To the nearest whole dB; decimals under 0.5 go down, 0.5 and over go up.
C) To one decimal place
D) No rounding is performed
8. What two factors determine whether a weld discontinuity is accepted or rejected?
A) Its depth and its type and indication rating
B) Its location , its orientation , its Length
C) Its amplitude and its Rating
D) Its Indication Rating and its length.
9. Which discontinuities must be included on the test report?
A) Every discontinuity found in the weld
B) Only those that are unacceptable, except for Fracture Critical welds where acceptable ratings within 6 dB of the rejection limit must also be recorded.
C) Only discontinuities longer than 1 inch
D) Only discontinuities with a rating higher than 10 dB
10. How should a rejected area be physically marked on the welded joint?
A) Marking depth and rating written on base metal
B) Marking Rating , depth and type
C) Marking length , depth and rating written on base metal.
D) Marking the letter "R"(Rejected ) next to the weld
11. After a weld is repaired due to unacceptable UT results, what is the required next step?
A) The repaired area must be ultrasonically retested and the results documented
B) No additional testing is needed
C) Only visual inspection is sufficient
D) The entire weld must be cut out and replaced
12. When retesting a repaired area and using the original report form, how should the new results be identified?
A) By starting a completely new form
C) By overwriting the old results
B) By adding a prefix R Such as R1,R2,...
D) By attaching a separate note
13. What special consideration is required when performing UT on complete joint penetration groove welds that have steel backing?
A) The backing must be removed before testing
B) Only longitudinal wave testing is allowed
C) The procedure must account for potential true reflections from the base metal–backing interface
D) The procedure must account for potential false reflections from the base metal–backing interface.
14. What is the minimum information required on a report for a weld that is found acceptable?
A) Full welding procedure specifications
B) All calibration records and the operator's signature
C) identify the weld, the operator's signature, and a statement of acceptability.
D) Complete discontinuity lengths and ratings
15. After the project is completed, what is the contractor's responsibility regarding UT reports?
A) Keep all reports for at least 10 years
B) Submit all completed report forms to the Owner
C) Destroy all records immediately
D) Keep them indefinitely for future reference
16. What is the Contractor's obligation regarding UT reports?
1) Only reports of acceptable welds shall be submitted to the Owner
2) All UT reports, including those showing rejected welds (prior to repair), shall be submitted along with acceptable welds.
3) Reports of unacceptable welds shall be submitted only if requested by the Owner
4) The Contractor is only required to submit final reports (after repair), and pre-repair reports need not be submitted
