سوالات تست مایعات نافذ ASNT

Developer types

Dry powder

method of application  : Dust/fog, dip 

Application sequence : After drying

Dwell time : 1/2 penetrant dwell to 4 h

Adv : Easy to use , Easy to remove ,Good for Type I 

Disadv : Not for Type II spray  , Parts must dry first ,

penetrant contaminated

dwell to Penetrant 4 h  

Water soluble

method of application  : Spray, flow , dip

Application sequence : Before drying 

Dwell time :  1/2 penetrant dwell to 2 h

Adv : Needs no agitation , Easy to remove , Applies thin coat

Disadv : Acts as detergent , Not for Method A , Not for Type II , Bacteria/fungus , Evaporation

 Water suspendible 

Method of application : Spray, flow, dip

Application sequence : Before drying

Dwell time : 1/2. Penetrant dwell to 2h

Adv : Visible'coating , Surface contact

Disadv : Critical immersion ,  Frequent agitation , Bacteria/fungus Difficult to remove

Nonaqueous 

Method of application : Spray

Application sequence : After drying

Dwell time : 10 min to 1 h 

Adv : Most sensitive , High contrast ,  Portable

Disadv :  Expensive , 

Type I and Type 11  Flammable ,  Not for large areas ,  Frequent agitation Parts must dry first

Typical equipment calibration

--White light meter

-Type 2 lighting/ambient light for Type 1 

-6 months

--Ultraviolet light meter 

-Ultraviolet light intensity

-6 months

--Refractometer

-Hydrophilic emulsifier concentration

-1 year

Typical process control requirements

--Lipophilic emulsifier water content 

-Method B 

-<5%

-Monthly

--Hydrophilic emulsifier concentration

-Method D

-immersion: < than specified on the AMS-2644 QPL, spray < 5% 

-Weekly

Water or moisture within crack discontinuities can prevent the liquid penetrant from entering the crack.

-If excess liquid penetrant is not removed, false indications are evident. On the other hand, washing too long and too hard can remove liquid penetrant from large or shallow discontinuities, resulting in less intense indications.

-Lack of cleanliness in the inspection area is often a cause of false indications

Developer

The developer makes indications more visible by:

1. providing a contrasting background,

2. pulling liquid penetrant out of openings by a blotting action,

3. making the indication easier to read by enlarging it as the penetrant spreads into the developer and

4. reducing glare چشم زنندگی from reflected light during observations of fluorescent indications.

-One disadvantage of liquid penetrant inspection is that:

a. penetrant materials may cause drying and cracking of the skin.

b. large subsurface discontinuities with openings to the surface will not form indications.

c. it can only be used with nonferrous material.

d. the materials are only available in aerosol spray cans.

-Which of the following is not a physical property associated with penetrant materials?

a. Solvent resistance.

b. Flash point.

c. Viscosity.

d. Chemical inertness.

-The removal of smeared metal by chemical processes is called:

a. grit or sand blasting.

b. machining.

c. etching.

d. quenching.

-A standard classification for a type of developer is:

a. water soluble.

b. water washable.

c. nonfluorescent.

d. solvent removable.

-Compared to a certified Level I inspector, a Level II inspector:

a. can process all forms of a product.

b. is authorized to approve all penetrant procedures.

c. requires more formal training hours and work experience.

d. can determine the acceptance criteria for a part.

-A limitation on materials used to inspect nickel alloy welds in a nuclear or pressure vessel system is that the penetrant materials should have:

a. sulfur and halogen residual of 10% or

less by weight.

b.sulfur, chlorine and fluorine residual of 1 % or less by weight.

c.chlorine and halogen residual of 5% or less by weight.

d.halogen and fluoride residual of 10% or less by weight.

-A weld discontinuity that appears starshaped with small indications emanating from a central point is a:

a. burst

b.grinding crack

c.crater crack

d.heat affected zone (HAZ) crack

-A relevant indication in a casting may be caused by:

a. a burst.

b. a crater crack.

c. laminations.

d. porosity.

-Discontinuities that may be found in aluminum extrusions are:

a. porosity and inclusions.

b. laminations.

c. cracks.

d. laps and seams.

-Ultraviolet lights over a fluorescent penetrant wash station are used to:

a. verify a uniform coating of penetrant has been applied to the part.

b. verify the emulsifier covers the entire surface.

c. monitor the removal of surface penetrant.

d. check the cleanliness of parts before processing.

-Dry developer is checked for fluorescent contamination by:

a. comparing the in-use developer to new material.

b. processing a testing and monitoring panel.

c. a laboratory examination for chemical composition.

d. viewing under an ultraviolet light for fluorescent specks.

-What comparison standard has control over the depth and quantity of cracks?

a. A stainless steel test panel.

b. A cracked aluminum test block.

c. A ceramic test block.

d. A grit blast panel

-Which of the following is not an advantage of postemulsifiable fluorescent penetrants?

a. High sensitivity level to detect very fine defects.

b. They are easily removed with water after proper emulsification dwell time.

c. They are easily removed from sand castings after proper emulsification dwell time.

d. They have higher tolerance to variations in the removal process when compared to water washable penetrants.

-When using the visible, solvent removable process, after the penetrant dwell time, excess penetrant is removed by:

a. spraying solvent on the part and then wiping with a clean, dry rag or paper towel.

b. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, moistening the part with solvent and rewiping the part.

c. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, moistening a clean cloth with solvent and rewiping the part.

d. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, then rewiping with a cloth soaked with solvent.

-When using a fluorescent, postemulsifiable penetrant, the best emulsification time is:

a. 10 s.

b. 5 s.

c. 2 to 3 s.

d. determined by experimentation

-Which of the following is a advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible type penetrants?
a.The inspection can be carried out in a well lighted area
b.Small indications are more easily seen 
c.They can be used where contact with water is objectionable
d.Less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities

-Emulsifier time:

a.Is important but not normally critical

b.The time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface

c.Is extremely important and will greatly affect test results. (answer)

d.Should be as long as economically practical

-Which of the items listed below is NOT an advantage of the liquid penetrant test method?
a.The method can find all types of discontinuities
b.The method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand.
c.The method is essentially simple in application.
d.There are few limitations on the size and shape of the article that can be treated by this method.

-When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the inspector do?
a.Swab parts with a solvent
b.Use a correct bleed-back procedure
c.Erase non-relevant fluorescence
d.Reprocess the part

-When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by:

a.Reapplying a coat of emulsifier

b.Increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation

c.Completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by  using a longer emulsifier time.

d.Dipping the part in boiling water

-Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in the discontinuities by aiding the

a.Post cleaning process.

b.Emulsification process.

c.Bleed-out process.

d.Drying process.

-Difficulties with removal of a postemulsifiable penetrant during the rinse operation can be overcome by:

a. reapplying a coating of emulsifier.

b. using conditioned (soft) water during the washing operation.

c. cleaning, then completely reprocessing the part using a longer emulsification time.

d. increasing the water temperature during the washing operation. 

-Excessive removal of penetrant may result in:

a. undetected discontinuities during evaluation.

b. an excessive background that inhibits the evaluation process.

c. the need to apply the developer twice to obtain significant bleedout.

d. small, tight cracks that are easily detected on parts with a smooth surface.

-A penetrant inspection cannot find:

a. surface porosity.

b. surface cracks.

c. an internal cavity.

d. a surface forging lap.

-Which of the methods listed below is most applicable for detecting fine, tight surface cracks?

a. Visible dye, water washable.

b. Visible dye, postemulsifiable.

c. Fluorescent, water washable.

d. Fluorescent, postemulsifiable. 

-The term used to describe the total time that penetrant remains on the workpiece is:

a. immersion.

b. drain.

c. dwell.

d. presoak.

-Developer assists in the detection of discontinuities by:

a. providing a contrasting background.

b. emulsifying the penetrant bleedout.

c. providing a clean surface.

d. providing a dry surface.